Albany, NY -- (SBWIRE) -- 03/18/2015 -- Mushrooms are a variety of wild edible fungi that have been collected and consumed by people for thousands of years. Archeological records reveal that a variety of mushrooms were used for edible and medicinal purposes by people living in Chile as long as 13,000 years ago. However, it was in China that the consumption of mushrooms was first reliably noted several hundred years before the birth of Christ.

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While records of mushroom's usage on a wide scale spawn many countries in the Greek and Roman empires, China's usage of these wild edible fungi stands out prominently in the history of the global mushrooms market. China is also currently the world's largest producer as well as consumer of a variety of mushrooms.

Mushrooms are an important class of valuable foods in their own right. They add flavor to bland staple foods and are of comparable nutritional value to many food stuffs and vegetables, thereby making an important contribution to the diet of a large population in developing countries.

Mushrooms also make for an important source of income to a huge global population. Edible varieties of mushrooms are sold in many local markets. Commercial harvesting of mushrooms has opened sustainable income opportunities for many people in rural areas. Export of 'specialist wild mushrooms' from countries such Bhutan and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea to Europe and Japan help these countries earn significant revenue.

China in a Dominant Position

The global market for mushrooms produces, processes, and markets different types of mushrooms in many countries on a large scale. The market is primarily driven by an increased demand for organic products. The global mushroom market has witnessed growth at a remarkable pace in the past two decades.

The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FOA) states that during the years 1997 to 2007, the global production of mushrooms had increased by an estimated 56%, from 2.18 million tons in 1997 to 3.41 million tons in 2007. FOA statistics also reveal that in a span of 50 years, from 1961 to 2010, the world production of mushrooms has especially increased at a very significant rate, from 0.30 million tons to 3.41 tons. China, Netherlands, the U.S., France, Italy, Spain, Canada, Ireland, and the U.K. are the globe's leading producers of mushrooms, of which China alone accounts for at least half the share of the global mushrooms production every year.

At least 95% of total volume of mushrooms produced by China every year is consumed locally. Countries such as the U.K., the Russian Federation, the Netherlands, Germany, France, Belgium, and Japan are other key importers of mushrooms on a global level.

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Over 2,300 Edible Fungi Known, Only 12 Mass Produced

FOA estimates that there are nearly 2,300 useful fungi known to have edible and medicinal values. Of these, as few as 12 species are currently commonly grown for edible purposes across the globe. These include Shiitake (Lentinus edodes), Common mushroom (Agaricus bisporus), Oyster (Pleurotus), Lion's Head or Pom Pom(Hericium), Straw (Volvariella), Maitake (Grifola frondosa), White jelly (Tremella), Ganoderma (Reishi), Ear (Auricularis), Winter (Flammulina), Shaggy Mane (Coprinus), and mushrooms Nameko (Pholiota).

Commercial markets are dominated by common mushrooms, shiitake mushrooms, and oyster mushrooms, which collectively represent three quarters of mushrooms cultivated across the globe. The U.S. and Europe, key producers of mushrooms along with China, contribute to the global mushroom production majorly in terms of white button mushrooms. In China, the scenario is a bit different and other varieties of mushrooms such as oyster, shiitake, and a variety of other types are also cultivated for commercial production.

Some of the key businesses operating in the global market for mushrooms are Agro Dutch Industries Ltd, Banken Champignons, OKECHAMP S.A., The Mushroom Company, Drinkwater Mushrooms Ltd, Bonduelle, Weikfield Foods Pvt. Ltd., Scelta Mushrooms BV, Modern Mushroom Farms, Ecolink Baltic, Monterey Mushrooms, Inc., Hughes Mushroom, the California Mushroom Farms Inc., Monaghan Mushrooms, Fresh Stock, and Kulkarni Farm Fresh Pvt. Ltd.

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